Solid-state image pickup device

ABSTRACT

A system and method for driving a solid-state image pickup device including a pixel array unit including unit pixels. Each unit pixel includes a photoelectric converter, column signal lines and a number of analog-digital converting units. The unit pixels are selectively controlled in units of rows. Analog signals output from the unit pixels in a row selected by the selective control though the column signal lines are converted to digital signals via the analog-digital converting units. The digital signals are added among a number of unit pixels via the analog-digital converting units. The added digital signals from the analog-digital converting units are read. Each unit pixel in the pixel array unit is selectively controlled in units of arbitrary rows, the analog-distal converting units being operable to performing the converting in a (a) normal-frame-rate mode and a (b) high-frame-rate mode in response to control signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/772,573, filed May 3, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/419,077, filed Apr. 6, 2009, which is a divisionof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/058,851, filed Feb. 16, 2005, theentirety all of which are incorporated herein by reference to the extentpermitted by law.

The present application claims priority to Japanese Patent ApplicationNo. JP 2004-045943 filed with the Japanese Patent Office on Feb. 23,2004, the entirety of which also is incorporated by reference herein tothe extent permitted by law.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a solid-state image pickup device and amethod for driving the same. Particularly, the present invention relatesto a solid-state image pickup device for converting analog signalsoutput from unit pixels through column signal lines to digital signalsand reading the digital signals, and to a method for driving the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, a CMOS image sensor including a column-parallel ADCs(analog-digital converters) has been reported (e.g., see non-PatentDocument 1: W. Yang et al., “An Integrated 800×600 CMOS Image System”ISS CC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 304-305, February 1999). In thisCMOS image sensor, ADCs are arranged for respective columns inmatrix-patterned unit pixels.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor 100 including column-parallel ADCs according to a known art.

In FIG. 15, unit pixels 101, each including a photodiode and anintra-pixel amplifier, are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrixpattern so as to form a pixel array unit 102. In the matrix-patternarrangement of the pixel array unit 102, row control lines 103 (103-1,103-2,) are arranged for respective rows and column signal lines 104(104-1, 104-2,) are arranged for respective columns. The row address androw scanning in the pixel array unit 102 is controlled by a row scanningcircuit 105 through the row control lines 103-1, 103-2.

An ADC 106 is disposed at one end of each of the column signal lines104-1, 104-2, so that a column processing unit (column-parallel ADCblock) 107 is formed. Further, a digital-analog converter (hereinafterreferred to as a DAC) 108 for generating a reference voltage Vref havinga RAMP waveform and a counter 109 for measuring the time of a comparingoperation in a comparator 110 (to be described later) by performing acounting operation in synchronization with a clock CK of a predeterminedperiod are provided for the ADCs 106.

Each of the ADCs 106 includes the comparator 110 for comparing an analogsignal obtained from the unit pixel 101 in a selected row among the rowcontrol lines 103-1, 103-2, through the column signal line 104-1, 104-2,or, with a reference voltage Vref generated by the DAC 108; and a memorydevice 111 for holding the count value of the counter 109 in response tothe output of the comparator 110. The ADC 106 has a function ofconverting an analog signal supplied from each unit pixel 101 to adigital signal of N bits.

Control of a column address and column scanning to each ADC 106 in thecolumn processing unit 107 is performed by a column scanning circuit112. That is, digital signals of N bits which have been AD converted bythe ADCs 106 are sequentially read into a horizontal output line 113having a width of 2N bits by column scanning of the column scanningcircuit 112 and the signals are transmitted to a signal processingcircuit 114 through the horizontal output line 113. The signalprocessing circuit 114 includes sensing circuits, subtraction circuits,and output circuits, the number thereof being 2N corresponding to thehorizontal output line 113 having a width of 2N bits.

A timing control circuit 115 generates clock signals and timing signalsrequired by the operations of the row scanning circuit 105, the ADCs106, the DAC 108, the counter 109, and the column scanning circuit 112based on a master clock MCK, and supplies the clock signals and timingsignals to corresponding circuits.

Next, the operation of the CMOS image sensor 100 having theabove-described configuration according to the known art will bedescribed with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. 16.

After a first reading operation from the unit pixels 101 of a selectedrow to the column signal lines 104-1, 104-2, has become stable, areference voltage Vref of a ramp waveform is supplied from the DAC 108to each of the comparators 110. Accordingly, the respective comparators110 compare the signal voltage Vx of the column signal lines 104-1,104-2, with the reference voltage Vref. In this comparing operation, thepolarity of the output Vco of the comparator 110 is reversed when thereference voltage Vref and the signal voltage Vx become equal to eachother. In response to the reversed output of the comparator 110, a countvalue N1 of the counter 109 according to the comparison time in thecomparator 110 is stored in the memory device 111.

In the first reading operation, a reset component ΔV of each unit pixel101 is read. The reset component ΔV includes fixed pattern noise asoffset, which varies in each unit pixel 101. However, since thevariation of the reset component ΔV is generally small and the resetlevel is common in all the pixels, the signal voltage Vx of the columnsignal lines 104 at the first reading operation is approximately known.Therefore, at the first operation of reading the reset component ΔV, thecomparison time in the comparator 110 can be shortened by adjusting thereference voltage Vref of a ramp waveform. In the known art, the resetcomponent ΔV is compared in a count period of 7 bits (128 clocks).

In a second reading operation, a signal component according to theamount of incident light in each unit pixel 101 is read in addition tothe reset component ΔV in the same manner as in the first readingoperation. That is, after the second reading operation from the unitpixels 101 in the selected row to the column signal lines 104-1, 104-2,has become stable, the reference voltage Vref of a ramp waveform issupplied from the DAC 108 to each of the comparators 110. Accordingly,the respective comparators 110 compare the signal voltage Vx of thecorresponding column signal lines 104-1, 104-2, with the referencevoltage Vref.

At the same time when the reference voltage Vref is supplied to thecomparators 110, the counter 109 starts second counting. Then, in thesecond comparing operation, the polarity of the output Vco of thecomparator 110 is reversed when the reference voltage Vref and thesignal voltage Vx become equal to each other. In response to thereversed output of the comparator 110, a count value N2 of the counter109 according to the comparison time in the comparator 110 is stored inthe memory device 111. The first count value N1 and the second countvalue N2 are stored in different areas in the memory device 111.

After the above-described series of AD converting operations, the columnscanning circuit 112 performs column scanning, whereby the first andsecond N-bit digital signals held in each memory device 111 are suppliedto the signal processing circuit 114 through 2N lines of the horizontaloutput line 113. Then, the subtraction circuit (not shown) in the signalprocessing circuit 114 performs subtraction (second signal)-(firstsignal) and the result is output. Then, the same operation issequentially performed for the other rows, so that a two-dimensionalimage is formed.

In the CMOS image sensor including column-parallel ADCs according to theknown art, each memory device 111 must hold the first and second countvalues N1 and N2. Thus, 2N memory devices 111 are required for an N-bitsignal, so that the scale and area of the circuitry increases. Further,N-series clocks CK1 to CKN must be input from the counter 109 to thememory devices 111, so that clock noise and power consumption increase.Further, 2N lines are required in the horizontal output line 113 inorder to output the first and second count values N1 and N2, and thecurrent increases accordingly. In addition, N subtraction circuits arerequired for subtraction of the first and second count values N1 and N2before output, so that the scale and area of the circuitry increase.

In order to realize high-speed imaging, a frame rate is increased byskip-reading pixel information (e.g., see non-Patent Document 2: M.Loose et al., “⅔-inch CMOS Imaging Sensor for High DefinitionTelevision”, 2001, IEEE Workshop on CMOS and CCD Imaging sensors). Byadopting this method, the frame rate of 60 frames per second can berealized in the interlaced scanning shown in FIG. 18, although the framerate is 30 frames per second in the progressive scanning shown in FIG.17. In other words, when pixel information to be output is read byskipping rows, for example, when the number of rows to be read is ½, theframe rate can be doubled.

However, in the known art described in non-Patent Document 2, that is,in the technique of increasing the frame rate by reading pixelinformation by skipping rows, the exposure time in each unit pixel isshortened as the frame rate increases. For example, the exposure time isreduced by half when the frame rate doubles. As a result, the effectivesensitivity of the unit pixel is reduced by half. Therefore, when theframe rate is increased by applying skip reading of pixel information inthe CMOS image sensor 100 including column-parallel ADCs, thesensitivity of the unit pixel decreases due to the higher frame rate,and thus the sensitivity of imaging result decreases disadvantageously.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the above-describedproblems, and an object of the present invention is to provide asolid-state image pickup device capable of realizing a higher frame ratewithout decreasing sensitivity and a method for driving the solid-stateimage pickup device.

In order to achieve the above-described object, in the solid-state imagepickup device of the present invention, unit pixels, each including aphotoelectric converter, are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrixpattern, column signal lines arranged for respective columns of thematrix pattern, and the unit pixels are selectively controlled in unitsof rows sequentially. Analog signals are output from the unit pixels ina selectively controlled row through the column signal lines andconverted to digital values. The obtained digital values are added amonga plurality of pixel units and the added digital values are read.

In the solid-state image pickup device having this configuration, analogsignals output from the unit pixels are converted to digital values andthe digital values are added among a plurality of unit pixels and areread. In terms of the number of pieces of read pixel information, thisoperation is equivalent to interlaced reading (skip reading) of pixelinformation. However, the amount of each piece of pixel information islarger by X times if the number of pixels to be added is X. Therefore,even when the exposure time of the unit pixels is reduced to ½ in orderto double the frame rate, the amount of each piece of pixel informationis doubled by adding digital values of unit pixels between two rows atanalog-digital conversion, so that a decrease of sensitivity can beprevented.

According to the present invention, in the solid-state image pickupdevice for converting analog signals output from unit pixels throughcolumn signal lines to digital values and reading the digital values,the digital values are added among a plurality of unit pixels and theadded values are read. With this method, the amount of each piece ofpixel information does not decrease even when the exposure time of theunit pixels is reduced. Accordingly, the frame rate can be increasedwhile preventing a decrease in sensitivity.

Another embodiment provides a system and method for driving asolid-state image pickup device including a pixel array unit includingunit pixels. Each unit pixel includes a photoelectric converter, columnsignal lines and a number of analog-digital converting units. The unitpixels are selectively controlled in units of rows. Analog signalsoutput from the unit pixels in a row selected by the selective controlthough the column signal lines are converted to digital signals via theanalog-digital converting units. The digital signals are added among anumber of unit pixels via the analog-digital converting units. The addeddigital signals from the analog-digital converting units are read. Eachunit pixel in the pixel array unit is selectively controlled in units ofarbitrary rows, the analog-distal converting units being operable toperforming the converting in a (a) normal-frame-rate mode and a (b)high-frame-rate mode in response to control signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a first embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of performing ADconversion and reading in parallel in the CMOS image sensor according tothe first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of performing ADconversion and reading in parallel in the CMOS image sensor according tothe first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a second embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a third embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 9 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a fourth embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram (1) illustrating the operationof the CMOS image sensor according to the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram (2) illustrating the operationof the CMOS image sensor according to the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a fifth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor including column-parallel ADCs according to a known art;

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CMOS imagesensor according to the known art;

FIG. 17 is a timing chart illustrating an operation of progressivescanning; and

FIG. 18 is a timing chart illustrating an operation of interlacedscanning.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described withreference to the drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a solid-stateimage pickup device according to a first embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, a CMOS image sensor 10 including column-parallelADCs. As shown in FIG. 1, the CMOS image sensor 10 according to thisembodiment includes a pixel array unit 12, where unit pixels 11, eachincluding a photoelectric transducer, are two-dimensionally arranged ina matrix pattern; a row scanning circuit 13, a column processing unit14; a reference-voltage supplying unit 15; a column scanning circuit 16;a horizontal output line 17; and a timing control circuit 18.

In this system configuration, the timing control circuit 18 generatesclock signals and control signals serving as reference of the operationsof the row scanning circuit 13, the column processing unit 14, thereference-voltage supplying unit 15, the column scanning circuit 16, andso on, based on a master clock MCK, and supplies the signals to the rowscanning circuit 13, the column processing unit 14, thereference-voltage supplying unit 15, the column scanning circuit 16, andso on.

A driving system and a signal processing system for driving andcontrolling each unit pixel 11 of the pixel array unit 12, that is, therow scanning circuit 13, the column processing unit 14, thereference-voltage supplying unit 15, the column scanning circuit 16, thehorizontal output line 17, and the timing control circuit 18 areintegrated in a chip (semiconductor substrate) 19 together with thepixel array unit 12.

Although not shown in the figure, the unit pixel 11 includes aphotoelectric transducer (e.g., photodiode) and a three-transistor unitconsisting of a transfer transistor for transferring a charge obtainedby photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric transducer to an FD(floating diffusion) unit; a reset transistor for controlling thepotential of the FD unit; and an amplifier transistor for outputting asignal according to the potential of the FD unit, or a four-transistorunit further including a selecting transistor for selecting a pixel.

In the pixel array unit 12, unit pixels 11 of m columns and n rows aretwo-dimensionally arranged, row control lines 21 (21-1 to 21-n) arearranged for the respective rows in the m columns and n rows of the unitpixels, and column signal lines 22 (22-1 to 22-m) are arranged for therespective columns. One end of each of the row control lines 21-1 to21-n is connected to a corresponding output terminal of the row scanningcircuit 13. The row scanning circuit 13 includes a shift register or thelike and controls the row address and row scanning of the pixel arrayunit 12 through the row control lines 21-1 to 21-n.

The column processing unit 14 includes ADCs (analog-digital converters)23-1 to 23-m, which are provided for the respective column signal lines22-1 to 22-m of the pixel array unit 12. The ADCs 23-1 to 23-m convertanalog signals output from the unit pixels 11 in the columns of thepixel array unit 12 to digital signals and output the digital signals.The present invention features the configuration of these ADCs 23-1 to23-m, which will be described in detail later.

The reference-voltage supplying unit 15 includes a DAC (digital-analogconverter) 151 serving as a unit for generating a reference voltage Vrefhaving a so-called ramp waveform, in which the level changes in a rampform with a lapse of time. Other units than the DAC 151 may be used as aunit for generating a reference voltage Vref of a ramp waveform.

The DAC 151 generates a reference voltage Vref having a ramp waveformbased on a clock CK supplied from the timing control circuit 18 underthe control by a control signal CS1 supplied from the timing controlcircuit 18 and supplies the reference voltage Vref to the ADCs 23-1 to23-m of the column processing unit 14.

Now, a specific configuration of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m featured by thepresent invention is described.

Each of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m is capable of selectively performing ADconversion according to each operation mode: a normal-frame-rate mode ina progressive scanning for reading entire information of all of the unitpixels 11; and a high-frame-rate mode where the exposure time of theunit pixels 11 is set to 1/N of the normal-frame-rate mode and the framerate is increased by N times (e.g., twice). The operation mode isswitched under control of control signals CS2 and CS3 supplied from thetiming control circuit 18. Instructing information for switching betweenthe normal-frame-rate mode and the high-frame-rate mode is supplied froman external system controller (not shown) to the timing control circuit18.

Since the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m have the same configuration, theconfiguration of the ADC 23-m will be described. The ADC 23-m includes acomparator 31, an up/down counter serving as a counting unit (referredto as U/D CNT in FIG. 1) 32, a transfer switch 33, and a memory device34.

The comparator 31 compares the signal voltage Vx of the column signalline 22-m according to signals output from the unit pixels 11 in them-th column of the pixel array unit 12 with the reference voltage Vrefof a ramp waveform supplied from the reference-voltage supplying unit15. For example, when the reference voltage Vref is higher than thesignal voltage Vx, the output Vco is in a “H” level. When the referencevoltage Vref is equal to or lower than the signal voltage Vx, the outputVco is in a “L” level.

The up/down counter 32 is an asynchronous counter. The timing controlcircuit 18 supplies a clock CK to the up/down counter 32 and the DAC 151at the same time under control by the control signal CS2, which issupplied from the timing control circuit 18. Accordingly, the up/downcounter 32 performs up/down count in synchronization with the clock CKin order to measure comparison time from the start to the end of thecomparing operation in the comparator 31.

Specifically, in the normal-frame-rate mode, when a signal is read fromone of the unit pixels 11, the comparison time of the first reading ismeasured by performing down count at the first reading operation, andthe comparison time of the second reading is measured by performing upcount at the second reading operation.

On the other hand, in the high-frame-rate mode, a count result on theunit pixel 11 in a row is held as is. Then, after the process goes ontothe unit pixel 11 in the next row, down count is performed on theprevious count result at the first reading operation so as to measurethe comparison time at the first reading operation, and up count isperformed at the second reading operation so as to measure thecomparison time at the second reading operation.

The transfer switch 33 is turned on (closed) when the count operation ofthe up/down counter 32 on the unit pixel 11 of a row has been completedunder control by the control signal CS3 supplied from the timing controlcircuit 18, and transfers the count result of the up/down counter 32 tothe memory device 34 in the normal-frame-rate mode.

On the other hand, in a high-frame-rate mode where N=2, the transferswitch 33 is kept in an off-state (open) when the count operation of theup/down counter 32 on the unit pixel 11 of a row is completed. Then,after the count operation of the up/down counter 32 on the unit pixel 11of the next row has been completed, the transfer switch 33 is turned onand transfers the count result of the vertical two pixels in the up/downcounter 32 to the memory device 34.

In this way, analog signals supplied from the unit pixels 11 of thepixel array unit 12 through the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m areconverted to N-bit digital signals by the respective comparators 31 andthe up/down counters 32 of the ADCs 23 (23-1 to 23-m), and the digitalsignals are stored in the memory devices 34 (34-1 to 34-m).

The column scanning circuit 16 includes a shift register or the like andcontrols a column address and column scanning of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-min the column processing unit 14. Under the control by the columnscanning circuit 16, the N-bit digital signals which have been ADconverted by the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m are sequentially read to thehorizontal output line 17 and are output there through as image data.

Although not directly related to the present invention and thus notshown in the figure, a circuit or the like for performing various signalprocesses on the image data output through the horizontal output line 17may be additionally provided.

In the CMOS image sensor 10 including the column-parallel ADCs accordingto this embodiment, the count result generated by the up/down counter 32can be selectively transferred to the memory device 34 via the transferswitch 33. Therefore, the count operation by the up/down counter 32 andthe operation of reading the counter result from the up/down counter 32to the horizontal output line 17 can be controlled independently fromeach other.

Next, the operation of the CMOS image sensor 10 having theabove-described configuration according to the first embodiment will bedescribed with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. 2.

Herein, a specific operation of the unit pixels 11 is not described. Asis well known, a reset operation and a transfer operation are performedin the unit pixels 11. In the reset operation, the potential of the FDunit reset to a predetermined potential is output as a reset componentfrom the respective unit pixels 11 to the column signal lines 22-1 to22-m. In the transfer operation, the potential of the FD unit at thetime when charge generated by photoelectric conversion is transferredfrom the photoelectric transducer is output as a signal component fromthe respective unit pixels 11 to the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m.

A row i is selected in row scanning by the row scanning circuit 13.After a first reading operation from the unit pixels 11 in the selectedrow i to the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m has become stable, thereference voltage Vref of a ramp waveform is supplied from the DAC 151to the respective comparators 31 of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m, whereby thecomparators 31 compare the signal voltages Vx of the column signal lines22-1 to 22-m with the reference voltage Vref.

At the same time when the reference voltage Vref is supplied to each ofthe comparators 31, a clock CK is supplied from the timing controlcircuit 18 to each of the up/down counters 32, so that the up/downcounter 32 measures the comparison time in the comparator 31 at thefirst reading operation by a down count operation. When the referencevoltage Vref and the signal voltage Vx of the respective column signallines 22-1 to 22-m become equal to each other, the output Vco of thecomparator 31 is reversed from a “H” level to a “L” level. In responseto the reversed polarity of the output Vco of the comparator 31, theup/down counter 32 stops the down count operation and holds a countvalue corresponding to the first comparing period in the comparator 31.

As described above, a reset component ΔV of the unit pixels 11 is readin the first reading operation. The reset component ΔV includesfixed-pattern noise which varies in each pixel unit 11 as an offset.However, since the variation of the reset component ΔV is generallysmall and the reset level is common in all the pixels, the signalvoltages Vx of the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m are approximatelyknown. Therefore, at the first operation of reading the reset componentΔV, the comparing period can be shortened by adjusting the referencevoltage Vref. In this embodiment, the reset component ΔV is compared ina count period of 7 bits (128 clocks).

In the second reading operation, a signal component Vsig according tothe amount of incident light of each unit pixel 11 is read in additionto the reset component ΔV in the same manner as in the first readingoperation. That is, after the second reading operation from the unitpixels 11 in the selected row i to the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-mhas become stable, the reference voltage Vref is supplied from the DAC151 to the respective comparators 31 of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m.Accordingly, the respective comparators 31 compare the signal voltagesVx of the column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m with the reference voltageVref, and at the same time, the time of the second comparison in therespective comparators 31 is measured by the corresponding up/downcounters 32 by an up count operation unlike in the first operation.

In this way, each of the up/down counters 32 performs a down countoperation at the first time and an up count operation at the secondtime. Accordingly, subtraction of (second comparing period)−(firstcomparing period) is automatically performed in the up/down counter 32.Then, the polarity of the output Vco of the comparator 31 is reversedwhen the reference voltage Vref and the signal voltage Vx of therespective column signal lines 22-1 to 22-m become equal to each other,and the count operation of the up/down counter 32 is stopped in responseto the reversed polarity. As a result, a count value according to thesubtraction result of (second comparing period)-(first comparing period)is held in the up/down counter 32.

(Second comparing period)−(first comparing period)=(signal componentVsig+reset component ΔV+offset component of ADC 23)−(reset componentΔV+offset component of ADC 23)=(signal component Vsig). By performingthe two reading operations and subtraction by the up/down counters 32,the reset component ΔV including variations in the unit pixels 11 and anoffset component of each of the ADCs 23 (23-1 to 23-m) can be removed.Accordingly, only a signal component Vsig according to the amount ofincident light of each unit pixel 11 can be extracted. Herein, the resetcomponent ΔV including variations in the respective unit pixels 11 isremoved by a so-called CDS (correlated double sampling) process.

In the second reading operation, a signal component Vsig according tothe amount of incident light is read, and thus the reference voltageVref must be significantly varied in order to judge the amount of lightin a wide range. For this reason, in the CMOS image sensor 10 accordingto this embodiment, comparison is performed in a count period of 10 bits(1024 clocks) when the signal component Vsig is read. In this case, thenumber of comparison bits is different in the first and second time.However, by making the inclination of the ramp waveform of the referencevoltage Vref the same in the first and second time, the accuracy of ADconversion can be made equal. Accordingly, a correct subtraction resultcan be obtained from a subtraction process (second comparingperiod)-(first comparing period) by the up/down counter 32.

After the above-described series of AD converting operations, a digitalvalue of N bits is held in each of the up/down counters 32. Then, thedigital values (digital signals) of N bits which have been AD convertedby the respective ADCs 23-1 to 23-m of the column processing unit 14 aresequentially output to the outside through the horizontal output line 17of a width of N bits by column scanning by the column scanning circuit16. Then, the same operation is sequentially performed for therespective rows, so that a two-dimensional image is generated.

In the CMOS image sensor 10 including the column-parallel ADCs accordingto this embodiment, each of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m includes the memorydevice 34. With this configuration, AD converted digital values of theunit pixels 11 in the i-th row can be transferred to the correspondingmemory devices 34 and output to the outside through the horizontaloutput line 17, while performing in parallel a reading operation and anup/down count operation on the unit pixels 11 in the i+1-th row.

Next, AD conversion and a reading operation performed in parallel willbe described with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. 3. In FIG.3, VS denotes a vertical synchronizing signal indicating one frameperiod and HS denotes a horizontal synchronizing signal indicating onehorizontal scanning period.

In the operation shown in FIG. 3, after a count value has beentransferred from the up/down counter 32 to the memory device 34, theup/down counter 32 must be reset before starting a count operation inthe up/down counter 32. If an up/down count operation for the i+1-th rowis performed without resetting the up/down counter 32, the AD conversionresult of the previous i-th row is set to the initial value of theup/down counter 32, and thus the sum of the i-th row and the i+1-th rowis held in the up/down counter 32 by repeating the same operation.

Next, an adding operation in each of the up/down counters 32 in the CMOSimage sensor 10 including the column-parallel ADCs according to thisembodiment will be described with reference to the timing chart shown inFIG. 4. The adding operation in the up/down counter 32 is performed inan operation in a high-frame-rate mode, where the exposure time of theunit pixels 11 is reduced to ½ from the normal-frame-rate mode, wherepixel information is read from all the unit pixels 11 of the pixel arrayunit 12.

The up/down counter 32 is capable of holding a digital value of N bitstherein after reading the digital value. In this embodiment, by usingthe data holding characteristic of the up/down counter 32, AD-convertedvalues of the unit pixels 11 in a plurality of rows (i-th row and i+1-throw in this embodiment) are added in the up/down counter 32.

As described above, when a signal of each unit pixel 11 in the i-th rowis to be read, a digital value of (second comparing time)-(firstcomparing time)=(Vsig 1+ΔV1)-ΔV1=Vsig 1 is held in the correspondingup/down counter 32 when the signal component in the i-th row is Vsig 1and the reset component ΔV of the i-th row is ΔV 1. After the ADconversion period of the i-th row, the process proceeds to an operationof reading a signal of each unit pixel 11 in the i+1-th row withoutresetting the up/down counter 32, and the same reading operation as forthe i-th row is performed.

When the signal component of the i+1-th row is Vsig 2 and when the resetcomponent of the i+1-th row is ΔV2, the digital value held in theup/down counter 32 after AD conversion of the i+1-th row is Vsig 1+(Vsig2+ΔV2)−ΔV2=Vsig 1+Vsig 2. This digital value is in the up/down counter32 is transferred to the memory device 34 through the transfer switch 33and is output to the outside through the horizontal output line 17.Accordingly, the sum Vsig 1+Vsig 2 of the signal components of the unitpixels 11 in the i-th row and the i+1-th row can be output.

By repeating the above-described operation, an image in which the pixelinformation is thinned to ½ in the vertical direction (column directionon the sensor surface) can be obtained. As a result, the frame rate canbe increased by twice compared to the normal-frame-rate mode, whereinformation of all the pixels is read.

As described above, in the CMOS image sensor 10 including thecolumn-parallel ADCs according to the first embodiment, analog signalsoutput from the unit pixels 11 through the column signal lines 22-1 to22-m are converted to digital values by the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m providedfor the respective columns. Then, among the digital values, the valuesof a plurality of unit pixels 11 (e.g., each two unit pixels 11) in thevertical direction (column direction) are added and read. Accordingly,the following function and advantages can be obtained.

In terms of the number of pieces of read pixel information, theabove-described operation is equivalent to interlaced reading (skipreading) of ½ in the vertical direction. However, pixel information isadded between two pixels in the vertical direction, and thus the amountof one piece of pixel information doubles. Therefore, even when theexposure time of the unit pixels 11 is reduced to ½ in order to doublethe frame rate, the amount of each piece of pixel information doubles byadding digital values of the unit pixels of two rows at AD conversion,so that the sensitivity is not degraded compared to thenormal-frame-rate mode.

That is, even if the exposure time of the unit pixels 11 is shortened,the amount of each piece of pixel information does not decrease, so thatthe sensitivity is not degraded and a higher frame rate can be realized.Further, each of the ADCs 23-1 to 23-m includes the up/down counter 32,which performs an adding operation. With this configuration, ahighly-accurate adding operation can be realized without using a memorydevice outside the chip 19 or using an additional circuit ascolumn-parallel ADCs.

Although the adding operation is performed by using the up/down counter32 in the first embodiment, a counter may be used instead of the up/downcounter 32 for a simple adding operation. However, the up/down counter32 is advantageous because an adding operation can be performed whileperforming digital CDS processing of removing a reset component ΔV fromthe signal component Vsig of the unit pixel 11. Also, the processing maybe realized by using an operating unit for performing a digitaloperation.

The pixels are added between two rows in the first embodiment, but thepixels may be added among three or more rows. At this time, when thenumber of added rows is M, the amount of image data can be compressed to1/M.

In the first embodiment, the frame rate is increased by M times bycompressing the amount of image data to 1/M and changing the data outputrate. Alternatively, the frame rate may be increased by M times withoutchanging the data output rate by shortening the AD conversion period to1/M. That is, the amount of data may be compressed by adding pixels ofrows by using the up/down counters 32 as in the CMOS image sensor 10according to the first embodiment, but alternatively, as shown in thetiming chart in FIG. 5, the frame rate may be doubled without changingthe data output rate by shortening the AD conversion period to 1/M, forexample, ½.

When the AD conversion period can not be shortened while maintaining thebit accuracy of AD conversion, the digital count value of up-count ofthe up/down counter 32 is restricted up to N−1 bits in the timing chartshown in FIG. 4. In a case of 10-bit count, for example, comparison isperformed in a 1024-clock period. This period is reduced to 9-bit count,that is, a 512-clock period. In this case, the rate of time change ofthe reference voltage Vref (ramp waveform) generated by the DAC 151 isthe same. This means that the bit accuracy of AD conversion does notchange.

When the frame rate doubles, the accumulation time of each unit pixel isreduced to ½ and the amplitude of a signal is also reduced to ½, so thatthe S/N decreases. In an adding operation in the CMOS image sensor 10according to the first embodiment, the digital value generated byaddition of pixels in two rows is Vsig 1+Vsig 2. Even when the framerate doubles, the amplitude of the signal is (Vsig 1+Vsig 2)/2≈Vsig 1.In this way, the change of signal amplitude is small and thus the S/N isnot degraded.

Likewise, when the AD conversion period is shortened to 1/M by adding Mrows, the frame rate increases by M times. At this time, the frame ratecan be increased without degrading the S/N by decreasing the bitaccuracy of AD conversion of N bits to N-M bits.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor 50 including column-parallel ADCs according to a secondembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a timing chart forillustrating the operation of the CMOS image sensor 50 according to thisembodiment.

The configuration of the CMOS image sensor 50 including column-parallelADCs according to this embodiment is basically the same as that of theCMOS image sensor 10 including column-parallel ADCs according to thefirst embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The difference between them is that arow scanning circuit 13A includes an address decoder capable ofselecting arbitrary row control lines 21-i (21-1 to 21-n). The rowscanning circuit 13A including the address decoder is capable ofsequentially selecting the row control lines 21-1 to 21-n in the orderof first row, third row, second row, fourth row, as shown in FIG. 7, forexample.

In this row scanning, when an adding operation is performed in units oftwo rows as in the CMOS image sensor 10 according to the firstembodiment, the pixel 11-11 in the first row control line 21-1 and thepixel 11-31 in the third row control line 21-3 are added, and the pixel11-12 in the first row control line 21-1 and the pixel 11-32 in thethird row control line 21-3 are added. In this way, the pixels 11-11,11-12, 11-13, in the first row can be added to the pixels 11-31, 11-32,11-33 in the third row, respectively.

Likewise, the pixel 11-21 in the second row control line 21-2 and thepixel 11-41 in the fourth row control line 21-4 are added, and the pixel11-22 in the second row control line 21-2 and the pixel 11-42 in thefourth row control line 21-4 are added. In this way, the pixels 11-21,11-22, 11-23 in the second row can be added to the pixels 11-41, 11-42,and 11-43 in the fourth row, respectively. That is, pixels can be addedbetween odd-numbered rows and between even-numbered rows.

Herein, assume that color filters are arranged in a Bayer pattern on thepixel array unit 12 as shown in FIG. 6. In this case, G (green) and R(red) color filters or B (blue) and G color filters are arranged in eachrow.

In the CMOS image sensor including the Bayer-patterned color filters, ifthe row control lines 21-1 to 21-n are sequentially selected as in theCMOS sensor 10 according to the first embodiment, pixels of differentcolor-filter elements are added, and thus different colors are mixed. Incontrast to this, in the CMOS image sensor 50 according to thisembodiment, pixels can be added between odd-numbered rows and betweeneven-numbered rows so that pixels of the same color can be added.Therefore, color mixture due to addition of pixels does not occur.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor 60 including column-parallel ADCs according to a third embodimentof the present invention. In FIG. 8, parts which are the same as thosein FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The configuration of the CMOS image sensor 60 including column-parallelADCs according to this embodiment is basically the same as that of theCMOS image sensor 10 including column-parallel ADCs according to thefirst embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The difference between them is asfollows.

The output of each of the ADCs 23-1, 23-3, connected to the odd-numberedcolumn signal lines 22-1, 22-3, is output through a horizontal outputline 17-1 of an N-bit width. Likewise, the output of each of the ADCs23-2, 23-4, connected to the even-numbered column signal lines 22-2,22-4, is output through a horizontal output line 17-2 of an N-bit width.The digital signals of the odd-numbered rows output through thehorizontal output line 17-1 and the digital signals of the even-numberedrows output through the horizontal output line 17-2 are added in adigital adder 61 of N bits.

In the CMOS image sensor 60 having the above-described configurationaccording to this embodiment, the count result generated by the up/downcounter 32 is transferred to the memory device 34 and is held therein.With this configuration, a counting operation in the up/down counter 32and an operation of reading a count result from the memory device 34 tothe horizontal output line 17-1 or 17-2 can be controlled independentlyfrom each other. Therefore, count values of the even-numbered columnsand odd-numbered columns can be read from the memory devices 34 andadded in the digital adder 61 while performing a counting operation ineach up/down counter 32. As a result, pixels can be added between twocolumns.

Furthermore, by combining the inter-column adding operation in the CMOSimage sensor 60 according to this embodiment and the inter-row addingoperation in the CMOS image sensor 10 according to the first embodiment,an adding operation of 2 rows and 2 columns can be realized.

Next, the operation of the CMOS image sensor 60 having theabove-described configuration according to the third embodiment will bedescribed with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. 9.

An operation of reading signals from the unit pixels 11 of the pixelarray unit 12 in units of rows and performing a count operation in theup/down counters 32 of the ADCs 23-1, 23-2, is the same as that in theCMOS image sensor 10 according to the first embodiment. An operation ofadding digital count values of the x-th row (x is an arbitrary number of1 to n−1) and the x+1-th row in the corresponding up/down counter 32 isthe same as that in the CMOS image sensor 50 according to the secondembodiment.

After the adding operation, the addition result is transferred to thememory device 34 in each column, and the addition results of theodd-numbered columns and the even-numbered columns are input to thedigital adder 31 through the horizontal output lines 17-1 and 17-2,respectively. At this time, control signals M1, M2, M3, output from thecolumn scanning circuit 16 are simultaneously output in pairs of M1 andM2, M3 and M4. Accordingly, the digital values (addition results) heldin the memory devices 34 are simultaneously output to the horizontaloutput line 17-1 or 17-2 in units of two columns.

In the timing chart shown in FIG. 9, the addition result in theodd-numbered columns is output to signal output A and the additionresult in the even-numbered columns is output to signal output B.Specifically, the addition result of the pixels 11-11 and 11-21 isoutput as a top signal of the signal output A and the addition result ofthe pixels 11-12 and 11-22 is output as a top signal of the signaloutput B. As a result, the addition result of the four pixels 11-11,11-12, 11-21, and 11-22 is output as the top output of the digital adder61.

As is clear from the above description, in the CMOS image sensor 60according to this embodiment, by decreasing the bit accuracy of ADconversion and shortening the AD conversion period to ¼, the frame ratecan be increased by four times while keeping the sensitivity constant asin the CMOS image sensor 50 according to the second embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor 70 including column-parallel ADCs according to a fourthembodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts which are thesame as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the above-described CMOS image sensors 10, 50, and 60 includingcolumn-parallel ADCs according to the first to third embodiments, thecolumn processing unit 14, the reference-voltage supplying unit 15, thecolumn scanning circuit 16, and the horizontal output line 17 (17-1 and17-2) are provided on only one of the upper and lower sides (e.g., lowerside) of the column direction of the pixel array unit 12.

In contrast to this configuration, in the CMOS image sensor 70 includingcolumn-parallel ADCs according to this embodiment, a pair of columnprocessing units 14A and 14B, a pair of reference-voltage supplyingunits 15A and 15B, a pair of column scanning circuits 16A and 16B, and apair of horizontal output lines 17A and 17B are disposed on both sidesof the pixel array unit 12 in the column direction. Further, selectingswitches 71A and 71B are disposed between the pixel array unit 12 andthe column processing units 14A and 14B.

The pair of column processing units 14A and 14B, the pair ofreference-voltage supplying units 15A and 15B, and the pair of columnscanning circuits 16A and 16B have the entirely same configuration asthat of the column processing unit 14, the reference-voltage supplyingunit 15, and the column scanning circuit 16, respectively, of the CMOSimage sensor 10 according to the first embodiment.

Each of the horizontal output lines 17A and 17B is a signal line of Nbits, which transmits digital signals of N bits output from the columnprocessing unit 14A or 14B to a digital adder 72 of N bits. The digitaladder 72 adds the digital signals output from the column processingunits 14A and 14B through the horizontal output lines 17A and 17B.

The selecting switches 71A and 71B operate in a complimentary manner soas to connect one of two adjoining column signal lines to the columnprocessing unit 14A when the other column signal line is connected tothe column processing unit 14B, and vice versa.

Specifically, in the selecting switches 71A and 71B, fixed contacts onone side (contacts a) are connected to both ends of the column signalline 22-2, the other fixed contacts b are connected to both ends of thecolumn signal line 22-3, and movable contacts c are connected to an ADC23A-2 and an ADC 23B-1, respectively. When the movable contact c of theselecting switch 71A is connected to the fixed contact a, the movablecontact c of the selecting switch 71B is connected to the fixed contactb. When the movable contact c of the selecting switch 71A is connectedto the fixed contact b, the movable contact c of the selecting switch71B is connected to the fixed contact a.

In order to simplify the figure, only the selecting switches 71A and 71Bconnected between the column signal lines 22-2 and 22-3 are shown inFIG. 10. However, these selecting switches 71A and 71B are provided forevery two columns in units of two adjoining column signal lines from thesecond column.

In the CMOS image sensor 70 including the column-parallel ADCs accordingto this embodiment, when the movable contact c of the selecting switch71A is connected to the fixed contact a and when the movable contact cof the selecting switch 71B is connected to the fixed contact b, analogsignals of the pixels in the first and second columns, the fifth andsixth columns, are read into the column processing unit 14A, and analogsignals of the pixels in the third and fourth columns, the seventh andeighth columns, are read into the column processing unit 14B. Then, theanalog signals are converted to digital signals by respectivecomparators 31A and 31B and up/down counters 32A and 32B, and thedigital signals are stored in the respective memory devices 34A and 34B.The equivalent circuit of this case is shown in FIG. 11.

As shown in the timing chart shown in FIG. 12, control signals Ma1, Ma2,from the column scanning circuit 16A and control signals Mb1, Mb2, fromthe column scanning circuit 16B are sequentially output in the sametiming, respectively. Then, the digital values of the pixels in thefirst and third columns stored in the memory devices 34A and 34B in theADCs 23A-1 and 23B-1 are simultaneously read into the horizontal outputlines 17A and 17B by the control signals Ma1 and Mb1, respectively.Then, the digital values of the pixels in the second and fourth columnsstored in the memory devices 34A and 34B in the ADCs 23A-2 and 23B-2 aresimultaneously read into the horizontal output lines 17A and 17B by thecontrol signals Ma2 and Mb2, respectively. The same operation issequentially performed thereafter.

As a result, the digital adder 72 adds digital values of the pixels oftwo odd-numbered columns and two even-numbered columns like this:digital values of the pixels in the first and third columns are addedand digital values of the pixels in the second and fourth columns areadded. In this way, by adding pixels between odd-numbered columns andbetween even-numbered columns, same colors can be added together whenthe color filters are arranged in a Bayer pattern as shown in FIG. 11.Therefore, mixture of different colors due to addition of pixels doesnot occur.

Furthermore, by combining the adding operation between two columns inthe CMOS image sensor 70 according to this embodiment and the addingoperation between two rows in the CMOS image sensor 50 according to thesecond embodiment, same colors can be added both between columns andbetween rows. Therefore, an adding operation of 2 rows and 2 columns canbe realized without mixing different colors. Further, the frame rate canbe increased by four times while keeping the sensitivity constant.

On the other hand, in FIG. 10, when the movable contact c of theselecting switch 71A is connected to the fixed contact b and when themovable contact c of the selecting switch 71B is connected to the fixedcontact a, analog signals of the pixels in the first and third columns,the fifth and seventh columns, are read into the column processing unit14A, and analog signals of the pixels in the second and fourth columns,the sixth and eighth columns, are read into the column processing unit14B. Then, the analog signals are converted to digital signals by therespective comparators 31A and 31B and the up/down counters 32A and 32B,and the digital signals are stored in the memory devices 34A and 34B.The equivalent circuit of this case is shown in FIG. 13.

The control signals Ma1, Ma2, from the column scanning circuit 16A andthe control signals Mb1, Mb2, from the column scanning circuit 16B aresequentially output in the same timing, respectively. Therefore, thedigital values of the pixels in the first and second columns stored inthe memory devices 34A and 34B in the ADCs 23A-1 and 23B-1 aresimultaneously read into the horizontal output lines 17A and 17B by thecontrol signals Ma1 and Mb1, respectively. Then, the digital values ofthe pixels in the third and fourth columns stored in the memory devices34A and 34B in the ADCs 23A-2 and 23B-2 are simultaneously read into thehorizontal output lines 17A and 17B by the control signals Ma2 and Mb2,respectively. The same operation is sequentially performed thereafter.

As a result, the digital adder 72 adds digital values of the pixels intwo adjoining (sequential) columns like this: digital values of thepixels in the first and second columns are added and digital values ofthe pixels in the third and fourth columns are added. Such addition ofpixels between two adjoining columns can be applied to a three-plateimage sensor in which color filters of the same color (only R/G/B) areprovided on the same sensor.

Furthermore, by combining the adding operation between two columns inthe CMOS image sensor 70 according to this embodiment and the addingoperation between two rows in the CMOS image sensor 10 according to thefirst embodiment, an adding operation of 2 rows and 2 columns can berealized. Further, the frame rate can be increased by four times whilekeeping the sensitivity constant.

As described above, in the CMOS image sensor 70 according to thisembodiment, the column processing units 14A and 14B are disposed on bothsides of the pixel array unit 12, and the selecting switches 71A and 71Bare provided between the pixel array unit 12 and the column processingunits 14A and 14B. By using the function of the selecting switches 71Aand 71B, the pair of columns to be added can be arbitrarily selected.With this circuit configuration, addition of digital values of pixelscan be realized both in a single-plate image sensor having a Bayerpattern and a three-plate image sensor.

In this embodiment, the horizontal output lines 17A and 17B are providedcorresponding to the pair of column processing units 14A and 14B.Alternatively, as in the third embodiment, each of the horizontal outputlines 17A and 17B may comprise a plurality of lines (e.g., two lines),so that two control signals M are simultaneously output from each of thecolumn scanning circuits 16A and 16B. Accordingly, addition of pixelscan be realized between four columns.

Further, in this embodiment, the pair of column processing units, thepair of reference-voltage supplying units, the pair of column scanningcircuits, the pair of horizontal output lines, and the pair of selectingswitches are provided so as to add pixels in two columns. Alternatively,three or more column processing units, reference-voltage supplyingunits, column scanning circuits, horizontal output lines, and selectingswitches may be provided. With this configuration, addition of pixelscan be realized between three or more columns.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a CMOS imagesensor 80 including column-parallel ADCs according to a fifth embodimentof the present invention. In the figure, parts which are the same asthose in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The configuration of the CMOS image sensor 80 including column-parallelADCs according to this embodiment is basically the same as that of theCMOS image sensor 60 including column-parallel ADCs according to thethird embodiment shown in FIG. 8. The difference therebetween is asfollows.

That is, in the CMOS image sensor 60 including column-parallel ADCsaccording to the third embodiment, digital values of pixels are addedbetween odd-numbered columns and between even-numbered columns. Incontrast to this, in the CMOS image sensor 80 including column-parallelADCs according to this embodiment, a selecting switch 81 is providedbetween the pixel array unit 12 and the column processing unit 14. Byusing the function of the selecting switch 81, the pair of columns to beadded can be arbitrarily selected.

The selecting switch 81 includes two switches 81A and 81B which operatein conjunction with each other. In the switch 81A, a fixed contact a1 isconnected to the second column signal line 22-2, a fixed contact b1 isconnected to the third column signal line 22-3, and a movable contact c1is connected to the second ADC 23-2. In the switch 81B, a fixed contacta2 is connected to the third column signal line 22-3, a fixed contact b2is connected to the second column signal line 22-2, and a movablecontact c2 is connected to the third ADC 23-3.

In order to simplify the figure, only the selecting switch 81 betweenthe column signal lines 22-2 and 22-3 is shown in FIG. 14. However, theselecting switch 81 is provided for every two columns in units ofadjoining two column signal lines from the second column.

In the CMOS image sensor 80 including column-parallel ADCs according tothis embodiment, when the movable contacts c1 and c2 of the selectingswitch 81 are connected to the fixed contacts a1 and a2, respectively,analog signals of the pixels in the first, second, third, fourth,columns are converted to digital signals by the ADCs 23-1, 23-2, 23-3,23-4, respectively, and the digital signals are held in the ADCs.

Then, as in the CMOS image sensor 60 including column-parallel ADCsaccording to the third embodiment, control signals M1, M2, M3, M4, aresimultaneously output from the column scanning circuit 16 in pairs of M1and M2, M3 and M4, so that the digital values held in the memory devices34 are simultaneously output to the horizontal output lines 17-1 and17-2 in units of two columns. Then, the digital values output throughthe horizontal output line 17-1 and the digital values output throughthe horizontal output line 17-2 are added in the digital adder 61 of Nbits.

As a result, the digital adder 61 adds the digital values of the pixelsin adjoining (sequential) two columns like this: adds the digital valuesof the pixels in the first and second columns and then adds the digitalvalues of the pixels in the third and fourth columns. Such addition ofpixels between two adjoining columns can be applied to a three-plateimage sensor in which color filters of the same color (only R/G/B) areprovided on the same sensor.

Furthermore, by combining the adding operation between two columns inthe CMOS image sensor 80 according to this embodiment and the addingoperation between two rows in the CMOS image sensor 10 according to thefirst embodiment, an adding operation of 2 rows and 2 columns can berealized. Further, the frame rate can be increased by four times whilekeeping the sensitivity constant.

On the other hand, when the movable contacts c1 and c2 of the selectingswitch 81 are connected to the fixed contacts b1 and b2, respectively,analog signals of the pixels in the first column, the third column, areconverted to digital signals by the odd-numbered ADCs 23-1, 23-3,respectively, and the digital signals are held in the ADCs. Likewise,analog signals of the pixels in the second column, the fourth column,are converted to digital signals by the even-numbered ADCs 23-2, 23-4,respectively, and the digital signals are held in the ADCs.

Then, as in the CMOS image sensor 60 including column-parallel ADCsaccording to the third embodiment, the output of each of theodd-numbered ADCs 23-1, 23-3, is output through the horizontal outputline 17-1 of an N-bit width, and the output of each of the even-numberedADCs 23-2, 23-4, is output through the horizontal output line 17-2 of anN-bit width. Then, the digital signals in the odd-numbered columnsoutput through the horizontal output line 17-1 and the digital signalsin the even-numbered columns output through the horizontal output line17-2 are added in the digital adder 61 of N bits.

This operation is the same as that of the CMOS image sensor 60 includingcolumn-parallel ADCs according to the third embodiment. With thisoperation, two pixels can be added between odd-numbered columns andbetween even-numbered columns. As a result, pixels of same colors can beadded when the color filters are arranged in a Bayer pattern, and thusmixture of different colors caused by addition of pixels does not occur.

By combining the adding operation between two columns in the CMOS sensor80 according to this embodiment and the adding operation between tworows in the CMOS image sensor 50 according to the second embodiment,same colors can be added both between columns and between rows.Therefore, an adding operation of 2 rows and 2 columns can be realizedwithout causing mixture of different colors. Further, the frame rate canbe increased by four times while keeping the sensitivity constant.

As described above, in the CMOS image sensor 80 according to thisembodiment, the selecting switch 81 is provided between the pixel arrayunit 12 and the column processing unit 14. With this configuration, thepair of columns to be added can be arbitrarily selected by using thefunction of the selecting switch 81. Therefore, addition of pixels canbe realized both in a single-plate image sensor having a Bayer patternand a three-plate image sensor by using this circuit configuration.

In this embodiment, two horizontal output lines are provided and theselecting switch 81 is provided between two columns so as to realizeaddition of two pixels between columns. Alternatively, by providingthree or more horizontal output lines and providing the selecting switch81 among three or more columns, addition of three or more pixels amongthe columns can be realized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A solid-state image pickup device comprising: apixel array unit including unit pixels which are two-dimensionallyarranged in a matrix pattern, each unit pixel including a photoelectricconverter, and column signal lines corresponding to respective columnsof the matrix pattern; a row scanning unit selectively controlling eachunit pixel of the pixel array unit in units of rows; a pair of columnprocessing units, each including a plurality of analog-digitalconverting units, each analog-digital converting unit converting ananalog signal output from a respective one of the unit pixels in eachrow selectively-controlled by the row scanning unit through the columnsignal lines to a respective digital signal, each analog-digitalconverting unit effectively adding together digital signals of pluralpixels in a column within a horizontal scan period for one row; a pairof column scanning units controlling output of the digital signals addedin the analog-digital converting unit, a first portion of the unitpixels and their analog-digital converting units associated with one ofthe column scanning units, a second portion of the unit pixels and theiranalog-digital converting units associated with the other of the columnscanning units; respective selecting switches between the pixel arrayunit and the column scanning units; a respective pair of output linesfor transmitting the digital signals output from the analog-digitalconverting units under control by the column scanning units; and adigital adder unit to which the output lines are connected and whichadds together digital signals output from the column processing units.2. A solid-state image pickup device according to claim 1, comprising apair of reference voltage sources which provide respective referencevoltages to the analog-digital converting unit, and wherein eachanalog-digital converting unit comprises a comparator for comparing theanalog signal output from a unit pixel with a respective referencevoltage.
 3. A solid-state image pickup device according to claim 2,wherein each analog-digital converting unit comprises a measuring unitfor measuring comparison time in the comparator from the start to theend of a comparing operation, the measuring unit performing theeffective addition of the digital signals.
 4. A solid-state image pickupdevice according to claim 3, wherein the measuring unit is a counterwhich adds the digital signals by repeating a count operation on eachanalog signal to be added.
 5. A solid-state image pickup deviceaccording to claim 4, wherein the counter is an up/down counter, whichperforms subtraction by performing a down count and an up count on firstand second analog signals output from one of the unit pixels and whichperforms addition by repeating an up count on each analog signal of theplurality of unit pixels.
 6. A solid-state image pickup device,comprising: a pixel array unit including unit pixels which aretwo-dimensionally arranged in a matrix pattern, each unit pixelincluding a photoelectric converter, and column signal linescorresponding to respective columns of the matrix pattern; a rowscanning unit selectively controlling each unit pixel of the pixel arrayunit in units of rows; a pair of column processing units, each includinga plurality of analog-digital converting units, each analog-digitalconverting unit converting an analog signal output from a respective oneof the unit pixels in each row selectively-controlled by the rowscanning unit through the column signal lines to a respective digitalsignal, each analog-digital converting unit effectively adding togetherdigital signals of plural pixels in a column during one horizontal scanperiod for a row; a pair of column scanning units controlling output ofthe digital signals added in the analog-digital converting unit, a firstportion of the unit pixels and their analog-digital converting unitsassociated with one of the column scanning units, a second portion ofthe unit pixels and their analog-digital converting units associatedwith the other of the column scanning units; respective selectingswitches between the pixel array unit and the column scanning units; arespective pair of output lines for transmitting the digital signalsoutput from the analog-digital converting units under control by thecolumn scanning units; and a digital adder unit to which the outputlines are connected and which adds together digital signals output fromthe column processing units, wherein, each analog-digital convertingunit comprises (a) comparing means for comparing the analog signaloutput from each unit pixel with a reference voltage, and (b) measuringmeans for measuring comparison time in the comparing means from thestart to the end of a comparing operation, the measuring meansperforming the effective addition of the digital signals, the measuringmeans is a counter which forms the digital signals by repeating a countoperation on each analog signal of the plurality of unit pixels, and thecounter is an up/down counter, which performs subtraction by performinga down count and an up count on first and second analog signals outputfrom one of the unit pixels and which performs addition by repeating anup count on each analog signal of the plurality of unit pixels.